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CHAPTER FOUR
Learning Objectives:
After going through this unit, the student will be able to:
INTRODUCTION
“Autacoids” (Greek “self-remedy”) is a collective term for various endogenous peptides, prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and cytokines. These are sometimes also called local hormones. They play important roles in physiologic processes and also have several pharmacological significances.
Histamine
It is a potent tissue amine widely distributed in plant and animal tissues and in the venoms of bees. In man, it is formed by decarboxylation of histidine and major portion is stored in mast cells and basophils.
Mechanisms of Action: It acts on 2 major types of receptors
Pharmacological Actions:
Cardiovascular system
Histamine produces dilatation of capillaries and venules accompanied by a fall in blood pressure. The mechanism is direct relaxation of the smooth muscles of blood vessels. This effect cannot be adequately reversed by antihistaminic agents but by adrenaline.
Exercise
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